On health protection and health related physical culture trainings of first year students

Purpose: to assess health protection and health related physical culture trainings of first year students. Material: in the research first year students (n=121; 86 boys and 35girls of age 16 – 19 years, participated. Results: components of students’ individual health were found. Situation with health related physical culture trainings, ensuring students’ sound health and optimal functional potentials of their organisms were determined. It was found that leading role shall be played by formation of health world vision values, knowledge about formation of practical skills in healthy life style. Motivation tendency for realization of intentions and practicing of health related physical culture trainings were found in students. Conclusions: the received results prove students’ tendency to pay insufficient attention to individual health. It was found that health related physical culture trainings require modern renewal of education’s content, forms and methods of physical education. The basis of such trainings shall be health related orientation.

Introduction 1  Students' physical education in higher educational establishments is and efficient factor in personality oriented teaching, in formation positive motives for systemic physical exercises' practicing, careful attitude to health.All these shall be the basis of youth's life activity.
Results of domestic scientists' woks witness about the following: there is significant quantity of students with low health level [3,4,6,7]; increasing of students' quantity, who belong to special health groups [1,5,16,33].
Scientists proved that great number of modern students have insufficient physical fitness [43] and poor somatic health.It is noted that insufficient motor functioning negatively influences on most of organism's functions and facilitates emersion of vegetative vascular dystonia [12,14,34].
One of obstacles for physical exercises' practicing is students' unsatisfactory health and physical fitness.The following main negative factors influence on youth's health: unsatisfactory organization of physical education in students' teaching.Scientists say that worsening of school age children's health is medical and pedagogic problem.The main task of comprehensive educational establishment shall be pupils' health protection and strengthening; formation of their responsible attitude to own health [2,8,11,35].
Only 5% of adolescents remain to be healthy by the moment of secondary education finishing.40-50% of school-leavers have substantial morphological functional disorders; 40-60% -have chronic diseases.From 20% to 80% of adolescents have pathologies in two -five human life provisioning systems [9].It is facilitated by the absence of proper pedagogic control over schoolchildren's health [25].
Important components of sport and health related works among students are: Health improvement or sustaining on proper level shall be the main purpose of physical education classes.Possibility to assess students' health level is an important motivation factor for students' health related physical culture trainings.That is why it is important that usage of pedagogic experiments would give them confident information about their health.It will permit to select appropriate individual correction means for increasing motivation for health related physical culture trainings (especially for students with little deviations in health).
The purpose of the research is to assess health protection and health related physical culture trainings of first year students.

Material and methods
Participants: in the research first year students (n=121; 86 boys and 35girls of age 17 -19 years, participated.
Organization of the research: students' attitude to own health was studied with the help of special questionnaire.The questionnaire contained questions about conditions of study and rest, influence of sports and physical exercises practicing on health, formation of health protection environment in university, quality of physical education trainings and other.
Statistical analysis: we used the methods of transformation of questioning empiric data.With the help of logic meaningful procedures we revealed correlations of the studied variables.

Results
For health assessment the students were offered to answer a number of questions.The question "how your health influences on results of your studying?"we received the following answers: 58% of students understand importance of health for study progress; 38% think that health does not influence on study at all; 4% do not know how health influences on studying.
Students' answers concerning role of health in their lives were as follows: 41% -health is the main thing in life; 48% -health is necessary condition of full fledged life activity; 6% -there are other important values; 5% want top live not thinking about health.
Students "determined the state of their health".Their self assessment was: 47% consider their health to be good; 37% -satisfactory; 16% think that their health is unsatisfactory.
In the questionnaire there was such question: "After medical examination at the beginning of academic year, to what health group you were related?"The answers were as follows: main health group -75%; special health group -10%; group of therapeutic physical culture (TPC) -15%.
Answering the question about possible influence of physical health on psychic self-feeling43.5% noted that it influences; 56.5% think that health does not influence on psychic self-feeling.
Answering the question "is there dependence between study progress and physical health?"48% of students understand the importance of physical health; 42% neglect health; 10% could not answer.Answers to question "which kinds of leisure do you prefer?" were: 78% prefer passive leisure (TV, internet).Physical exercises and sports are preferred by 22%.It should be noted that many students are oriented on passive leisure.Results of our questioning illustrate the results of other work [1].The author found that the youth's interest to physical activity is rather at high place in structure of interests.But in many cases this interest is passive and not realized in practice.
Stress-factors are poor sleep, hunger, thirst, excessive physical loads and immobility [10].Students' way of life was elucidated by their answers to question "how long your sleep lasts (day and night)".Answers showed that 50% of students sleep 5-6 hours; 4% -less than 5 hours.In connection with deficit of sleep every second student is influenced by stress-factor.46% of students pointed that their sleep lasts 7-8 hours.
Only 26% of students have normal eating -3-4 times a day.More than half -54% eat 2-3 times a day.20% feel fatigue and stress because of eating 1-2 times a day.
Among reasons of lectures' missing students noted reduction of adaptation that manifests in morbidity: 24% are sick very rarely -once in several years; 36% -1-2 times a year; 26 -once in semester.Extremely low adaptation level (diseases 1 time every month) was found in 14% of students.
It is known that strengthening of organism's reserves is possible by three means: physical, hypoxic training and hardening.That is why students' attitude to hardening for health improvement is rather interesting.1% of students practice hardening constantly; 7% -sometimes; 92% do not practice hardening at all.
Smoking is the main etiological factor of many heavy and fatal diseases of men and women.As per the data of World Health Protection organization 1.1 billion of people are tobacco-smokers [45].The question "Do you smoke?" 56% answered "Yes"; 34% -sometimes.Only 10% of respondents answered "No".We think that active propaganda of smoking harm and struggle with it can reduce the number of adult smokers as far as just school age and students' age is the main source of adult smokers' population.
Students' alcohol drinking was studied by their following answers: "once a week and more often", "sometimes", "no".Alcohol drinking once a week and oftener is intrinsic to 14% of students; "sometimes" -82% of students and 4% do not drink alcohol at all.
In opinion of the most of students harmful habits are not the main reason of indifferent attitude to physical culture.However students' dependence on harmful habits is evident.It underlines again the difference between verbal and real attitude to healthy life style values.
Students' answers to the questionnaire's questions permitted to find their understanding of demand in health related physical culture classes.For this purpose the students were offered to answer the question, concerning significance of physical culture in realization of life plans and health preservation.
Analysis of answers showed that health related physical culture trainings are significant for 49% of students; by signs of usefulness and prestige -for 51%.As it is known environmental conditions significantly influences on human attitude to different activities.That is why we interested how students assess conditions for health related physical culture training in places of their residence.The results showed that about 8% think that they are positive and 92% are not satisfied by environmental conditions.It can be considered to be one of reasons of their unwillingness to participate in health related trainings.
There was one more question: "Let's assume that in the place of your residence there are proper conditions for health related physical culture trainings (in any convenient for you time).Will your attitude change?" 80% gave positive answer.Analysis of students' answers to all questions showed that the students have positive motivational base for health related trainings.
Next question was "do you practice health related physical exercises?"Answers to this question permitted to determine individual interests, motives and orientations in health related physical culture trainings.23.1% of students answered positively.Thus, students' answers permitted to find results of formed in them positive motivation at the stage of desire realization; presence of targeted structure and realization plan.71% of students practice physical exercises 1-3 times a week; 25.6% -4-5 times a week; 2.7% -practice physical exercises 6-7 times a week.
Students' conscious attitude to independent health related physical culture trainings is formed under influence of subjective (internal) motives.The question "which personal motives force you to independent health related physical culture trainings?"permitted for us to mark out students' main internal motives.Results were as follows: 68% -health strengthening; 26% -physical perfection; 6% -improvement of constitution.Study of motives for health related physical culture trainings permits to conclude that such trainings are connected to large extent with organism's health improvement.Thus, students' answers permit to find their motivation tendency for health related physical culture practicing.

Discussion
Modern requirements to students' health determine demand in comprehensive development of health protection and health related physical culture trainings of first year students.It shall be one of main directions of physical education process.The fulfilled by us study proves and supplements the works of domestic scientists [3,4,6,7] about insufficient level of students' health and formation of healthy life style.
In our opinion worsening of students' health is connected with the fact that physical culture classes are stipulated only in the first year of study.Besides, it is connected with general shortening of physical education hours up to two hours a week.That is why physical education program requires further development and improvement of appropriate organizational methods.On the other hand -there is a demand in scientific substantiation of new ways of students' independent health related physical culture trainings.
The materials of our study expand idea about importance of health protection and health related physical culture trainings for first year students in conditions of modern education [1,[30][31][32][33].The supplied facts witness that students have no formed positive motivation for health related physical culture trainings.

Conclusions
Basing on results of our questioning we found that most of students pay insufficient attention to health protection and health related physical culture trainings as to component of their life activity.For formation of students' positive attitude to health protection and health related physical culture trainings it is necessary to form, first of all, world vision values in respect to health; to give knowledge about practical skills in healthy life style practicing.