METHODIC OF PERFECTION OF HIGHER PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS

Purpose: to study influence of methodic of rhythm perfection on girl students’ coordination abilities. Material: in the research 264 girl students participated. We assessed individual and collective rhythm, internal and external motor rhythm; rhythm in exercises with musical accompaniment. Results: we have determined that creative motor tasks require variable conditions for their realization. We have proved demand in appropriate criteria for their assessment. It is noted that there is a demand in development of rhythm, considering its main kinds and manifestations, which are formed with some peculiarities. Individual rhythm is determined by activation of attention and its level. It is perfected more successfully rather with stimulated development than with natural. It was found that with age the character of natural progressing of rhythm preserves. Conclusions: it is recommended to develop rhythm in compliance with its kinds and manifestations. Progressing and perfection of rhythm is a long lasted process and shall be realized during all period of girl students’ studying. Such approach forms girl students’ demand in finding of purposeful motor rhythm in all their new motor actions. It ensures optimality of their fulfillment.

Participants: in the research 264 1 st -3 rd year girl students (17-21 years' age) of Chernigov national pedagogic university, named after T.G.Shevchenko and Kiev university, named after Boris Grinchenko, participated.All girl students belonged to main health group.
Procedure: the research was fulfilled during 2008-2010.Rhythm indicators were determined by every kind at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of academic year.We used five tests, offered by the authors earlier [13; 19].
Individual rhythm was assessed with test 1.When walking by lunges foot drops on the floor with certain accent from toe to full foot.The sound of foot's contact with floor shall be equal by strength and uniform by duration.The assessment of motor rhythm was as follows: 5 points -leg drops on toe without sound and with accent -from toe on all foot, through equal periods of time.Amplitude of movements shall be equal, carriagegood, actions shall be free and expressive.4 points: there is certain tension and stiffness, but movements are uniform and accented.3 points -movements are accented with good amplitude with one or two disorders in steps' uniformity.
Collective rhythm was assessed with the help of test 2. Girl student stood facing group of 3-5 persons, who fulfilled general exercises.Then, synchronously with other girl students she reproduced the same movements.We assessed degree of coincidence by direction, temp, amplitude, expressiveness.5 points meant complete coincidence by all main parameters; actions are expressive and accurate; 4 points -actions coincide by direction, temp and amplitude, but are stiff and not expressive; 3 points -movements coincide in general by main parameters with two-three failures in temps and direction.
External rhythm of movements was assessed with the help of test 3.The tested copied the showed by teacher exercise: walking with forward rising of straight leg (up to horizontal level), moving hands aside (at shoulder level).It is necessary to keep the picture of movement, its form, amplitude, dynamic.We assessed the coincidence of the fulfilled exercise with the task.5 points mean complete coincidence: leg is straight, risen up to horizontal level with stretched toe, arms are straight, moved accurately aside, making straight line, head is up, back is straightened; 4 points -leg is in horizontal position but toe is not sufficiently stretched; hands are moved exactly aside but head is a little dropped; 3 points mean leg positioned lower than horizontal position, hands are moved aside not accurately, movements are stiffed.
Internal rhythm was assessed with test 4.The tested girl students fulfilled the showed by teacher dance movement: forward waltz step with forward and aside hands' moving, radiating gay and merry mood.We assessed coincidence of movement's external form with radiated mood: 5 points -movements are correct by form and smooth, eyes follows hands' movement, expression of face is happy; 4 points -movements are correct by form and character of fulfillment, smile is stiffed; 3 points -movements are correct by direction and amplitude, but there are no emotions.
Rhythm in exercises with musical accompaniment was assessed with test 5. Having listened to musical fragment, the tested girl students fulfilled exercise in compliance with its character.We assessed compliance of character of movement with content of musical fragment: 5 points meant complete coincidence of movements with character of musical accompaniment (march sounds -the tested fulfills drill step; waltz sounds -wide steps' walking or lunges; polka sounds -jumps by both legs and etc.); 4 points -insignificant coincidence of movements with character of musical accompaniment; movements are chosen correctly but do not coincide sufficiently by amplitude and temp.3 points were given for one or two incomplete coincidence with character of melody: jumps under march music; run under waltz melody.
Statistical analysis: for processing of the research's results we used commonly accepted methods of mathematical statistic.For each of the tested indicators we calculated mean values and mean square deviation.Assessment of differences' confidence was fulfilled by Student's t-criterion at 1% and 5% significance levels.We calculated increment of the studied indicators.Increment temps was calculated by formula of S. Broudy: W = V2 -V1 / 0,5 х (V2+V1) х 100 % where: V1 and V2 -accordingly, initial and final results in control testing.
In fulfillment of complex pedagogic and biological examinations, in which girl students participated, we observed legislation of Ukraine about health protection, the Declaration of Helsinki 2000, Directive №86/609 of European community on participation of people in medical -biological researches.

Results
Methodic of stimulated rhythm's development implied introduction of motor tasks in every training by all rhythm's kinds: activation of attention, training of motor memory, distribution and applying of efforts, orientation in space and time and ability to general actions.Depending on type of training (its tasks, purpose), special exercises were given to girl students in warming up (main and finalizing) parts, in different sequence and scope.These exercises were of different complexity.For example light athletics training had subject: run in various directions and with different speed, throwing of small ball for distance.The task was to familiarize with peculiarities of runs with changing of direction and speed; to perfect technique of small ball throwing for distance from the spot.Warming up part included exercises for activation of attention as necessary condition of rhythm's perfection: in walking first and third steps were to be marked with claps; after every third step -right hand rising with left on the waist; after five steps -turn by 360°; determination and memorizing of distance between steps in run and walking; memorizing of efforts in walking, calm run and with acceleration, Moving in column the tested shall fulfill general and warming up exercises synchronously with leading girl student.
In main part of training girl students were offered warming up and special exercises for main rhythm's kinds development: in run by right side of the gym every fifth step was fulfilled with turn to the right and every tenth step -with turn to the left by 180°; in run by left side of gym left leg was put with accent.Steps should have been equal by amplitude with uniform speed; in diagonal running -double acceleration at the beginning (10-12 m) and in the middle of distance.The offered run tasks had clear rhythm and required certain fitness.That is why girl students were permitted to fulfill these exercises independently in free time.
For mastering of throw rhythm of small ball throwing for distance we used motor actions for activation of attention: visual inspection of place for ball throw, noting of some guide points; compare different by value efforts for preparatory movements (dropping of hand with ball, moving hand backward -upward) and main motor action (throw); concentration of attention on difference in applied efforts for fulfillment of main part of ball throw.
Development of motor memory was realized with the help of the following tasks: count and remember quantity of run steps in right and left sides of gym with accented putting of right and left legs.Determine the quantity of run steps in first and second accelerations in diagonal run and all additional steps before and after acceleration; remember the value of efforts in run with changing of direction and speed and in period of acceleration.
For training of rhythm of applying and distribution of efforts the following exercises were envisaged: run with turns to the right and to the left by 360°, run with back forward, prolongation of run step up to maximal amplitude, run with shortened steps and many other.
For perfection of small ball throwing girl students also fulfilled a number of movements: throw behind marked line from stance "on one knee", from sitting position with straightened legs, with closed eyes, with quarter of strength, with half of strength and so on.
For better orientation in space girl students fulfill run by the right and left sides of gym within definite corridors (width 1-1.5 m), marked with chalk or paper strips.Having remembered the width of corridor and steps' amplitude, they were to repeat the task without additional guide points.Having determined speed of 10 meters' segment run by diagonal they were to keep it at longer (20 meters') segment.
When throwing small bal for distance the girl students were offered: a) remember ball's trajectory in the best attempt and repeat it several times; b) determine amplitude of additional and main movements, when throwing, compare throw distance with different arm's amplitude and additional step forward; c) compare different feelings, when throwing ball in gym and outdoors.
Training and perfection of collective rhythm (ability to collective actions) was realized in the process of sports game at the end of main part of training.Besides, girl students mastered Greek folk dance "Sirtaki" with accented rhythmic movements, which are fulfilled first slowly and then -with gradual acceleration.For better feeling of mutual actions girl students positioned their hands on shoulders of each other.In finalizing part of training there were exercises for attention, fixing of motor memory and other: а) walking with accented foot putting on toe ("acute" step), with arms' movement (rising on tip toes -hands up, when dropping on full feet -hands down), hands behind head with keeping straight carriage; b) walk, rolling from heel to toes with accent on vertical position in upper point (position -on toes), arms aside with palms upward and other.
By the end of first year training for rhythm's development and perfection some results became obvious (see table 1).Girl students became able to fulfill exercises with higher amplitude, correctly find required accents.Culture of movements improved.Materials of the research point at demand in development of rhythm, considering its main kinds and manifestations, which are formed with some peculiarities.For example, individual rhythm was determined by degree of attention's development and activation.It is perfected more successfully in stimulated development than in natural.
Analysis of rhythm increment by level of motor memory permitted to find that with age the character of rhythm's natural development is preserved.Indicators are gradually improved.In stimulated formation of this rhythm's kind it was registered that experimental trainings favorably influenced on increment temps.Girl students reproduce by form a lot of motor actions with rather high accuracy.In their age, for mastering of motor action's character application of visible patterns is quite sufficient.Systemic fulfillment of different game exercises by girl students with their gradual complication facilitates development of motor memory.Some peculiarities of rhythm increment were observed when fulfilling collective actions (collective rhythm).This kind of rhythm is connected with some specific requirements.They include ability to distribute very accurately muscular efforts, orienting on movements of team members.The pre-set amplitude requires accuracy of exercise's fulfillment by space characteristics.Targeted perfection facilitated better increment of indicators; the offered motor tasks did not require significant strength.With game or competition methods they facilitated more successful transformation of motor actions' individual rhythm into collective.
Analysis of data on formation of rhythm in exercises with musical accompaniment showed that natural increment of indicators has tendency to improvement with age.Application of stimulated development methodic for this rhythm kind showed the highest increment temps of experimental girl students' indicators.efforts' application (to make program of actions) [2,5,8,12,23].With it, rhythm's manifestation depends on a number of factors and is assessed with the help of special criteria [7,19,20,27].It would not be correct to speak about development and perfection of rhythm in general.It is known that at one or several trainings it is possible to form one or another kind of motor coordination, depending on tasks of training.Conclusions 1. Rhythm is a kind of coordination qualities, which has its own kinds and manifestations.With it, its perfection implies usage of various exercises.2. Creative motor tasks imply different conditions for their realization.For their assessment appropriate criteria are required.3. Rhythm training shall be in compliance with its kinds and manifestation.It requires appropriate approach to content of the methodic and its perfection.4. Targeted development of rhythm, considering its kinds and manifestations results in improvement of its indicators with different temps of increment.It positively reflects on girl students' physical fitness. 5. Development and perfection of rhythm is of long term character and shall be realized during all period of girl students' studying at HEE.Such approach forms girl students' demand in finding of purposeful motor rhythm in all new motor actions that ensures optimality of their fulfillment.

Table 1 .
Increment of indicators ( %) of different kinds of rhythm