CONSTRUCTION OF TRAINING PROСESS OF TENNIS PLAYERS AGED 5-6 YEARS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE SPECIFICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF THEIR COORDINATION SKILLS

Annotation. Purpose: Presented results of the research to determine the features of the construction of the training process for young tennis players aged 5-6 years, in particular the specific application of pedagogical testing to test the level of development of their coordination skills. Material: The survey was attended by 30 experts. Results: Established that bigger part of coaches build the training process at the initial stage of preparation on the basis of the game approach and apply a program of the International Tennis Federation "Play and stay". About two-thirds of the coaches do not carry out a selection of tennis players aged 5-6 or make it only in individual cases. To assess the level of development of motor abilities are equally important coaches define pedagogical supervision and pedagogical testing. A significant proportion of respondents (43%) previously had experience in assessing motor abilities of tennis players 5-6 years by mean of pedagogical tests. Conclusions: Overwhelming majority of coaches support the idea of having to modify the tests in accordance with the age characterristics of tennis players aged 5-6 years and expediency of complex assessment of the level of development of their coordination skills.


Purpose, tasks of the work, material and methods
The aim of this research is to determine the characteristics of the construction of the training process for tennis players 5-6 years as a result of the survey of coaches.
Methods and organization studies. Methods were follows: study and analysis of literary and documentary materials about the problem of research, pedagogical observation, survay. The study involved 30 tennis coaches -15 men and 15 women, the large majority of them -90% -had direct experience of engaging with children 5-6 years of age. Another 10% worked with tennis players of groups of initial preparation 2-3 year of study. The average age of respondents was 30 ± 8,9 years, and the average duration of their work -9 ± 6,7 years.

Results of the research
The importance of coordination abilities to play tennis and branching their structures necessitate integrated control of all relatively independent kinds this physical quality of young tennis players [1,2,8,9]. As long as the development of coordination abilities begins mainly in the stage of initial preparation, it becomes relevant to determine the level of it development in young athletes. Coaches poll was conducted in order to supplement information obtained from the analysis of literature and pedagogical observations about the features of the control of coordination abilities of children of 5-6 years on the stage of initial preparation in tennis.
Almost half of polled coaches (47%) train tennis groups of the first year initial preparation, in which the number of children exceeds the minimum rate. This figure indicates that at present there is a big demand for tennis lessons. Almost half of the coaches (47%) has experience with preschool children 5-6 years old, engaging with more than one group, and may offer the optimal modern training program considering the age of the children.
The amount of specialists which teach young sportsmen playing tennis is lately increased, using offered the International Tennis Federation program «Play and remain in tennis forever» («Play & Stay») or some elements of this program to which, foremost, belongs varying of playground's sizes, rackets, index of compression of balls, and also rules of game on an account depending on age and individual possibilities of players.
All these innovations are called to improve the process of teaching of tennis players on the stage of initial preparation and bring over as many as possible children to employments by sport. In this connection, was detected opinion of coaches about application of the program «Play & Stay» in training children under age 10 years.
On fig.1 shown results of coach's survey about applying new presented program on children's training in Sport Tennis Schools.

Picture 1. Application of the program «Play and remain in tennis forever» («Play & Stay») by coaches in-process with children in Sport Tennis Schools.
Playing approach as a key component of the presented program of development young player on the initial stage is basis to increase motivation of children and their harmonious development. He supposes not only the use of different mobile games but also that in a playing form it is possible to conduct a whole tennis lesson, which consists of different interesting tasks which a trainer presents children as a game, often using different images and associations.
During the lesson there is alternation of playing tasks (mobile games and relay races), directed on development of motor skills, physical qualities (coordination, speed and speed-power capabilities, aerobic endurance), that provides high dynamic quality of lesson. On a fig. 2 the results of questioning of coaches are indicate on application by them playing approach in training process. So, 77% polled coaches apply playing approach during employments, 23% -use such approach from time to time, and none of respondents specified that does not takes it into account. It testifies about understanding of key role of play approach by coaches to teach tennis exercises children of preschool and junior school age, about their knowledge the mental features of children at the construction of training process on the stage of initial preparation.
Considering the indicated initial age for tennis employments and duration of the stage of initial preparation, the enough actual is become a question about expedience of selecting children 5-6 years for employments by this type of sport.
Outspoken opinions by trainers in the poll in relation to expedience of selection of 5-6-years children for tennis employments distributed as follows: 30% agree with his necessity, 30% acknowledge necessary to select only on occasion, and 40% does not consider his expedient in this age ( fig. 3).

Picture 3. Expedience of selection 5-6 years children for tennis employments on the stage of initial preparation.
As is generally known from researches of many scientists [2,5,8,12], the stage of initial preparation is major for development of physical qualities. On results questioning most coaches is estimated level of development of physical qualities by a pedagogical supervision -53%, and pedagogical testing -47% ( fig. 4). Thus, almost the half of respondents is well-informed about the specific of maintenance and method of leadthrough of control children's physical abilities. However, taking into account the real initial age of employments tennis (5 years), there is a question about expedience of the use of standard test tasks for tennis preschool players. On a fig. 5 the results of determination of coach's opinion are rotined about expedience of the use test tasks for determination the level of physical preparedness 5-6 years children, engaged in tennis.

Picture 5. Expedience of the use test tasks by coaches for determination the level of physical preparedness of tennis players 5-6 years.
39% polled specialists estimate practice of the pedagogical testing positively, 36% does not count its expedient, and 25% guess that application of testing for the selection children to employments on a first year of study is possible only under favourable circumstances. Favourable circumstances, in their opinion, is an enough amount of time for plugging of testing in the program of reading with the large group of children, without violation process of decision the planned tasks. In training process, when present the proper equipment, that use in a test, quality theoretical and methodical preparedness of coach -is possible the leadthrough of control different types of physical qualities of children 5-6 years. These circumstances are stipulated by the followings results of questioning about estimation by coaches the level of development of coordination capabilities children 5-6 years with the purpose of selection in the groups of initial preparation through the pedagogical testing: the 43% polled conduct the pedagogical testing as a rule, and 57% -no ( fig. 6).

Picture 6. Application of pedagogical tests by trainers for determination the level of development coordination abilities of children 5-6 years.
Some of the known tests, developed before by specialists and approved in practice of training the children of school age can be difficult for implementation 5-6-years-old tennis players. On the indexes, it is impossible exactly to say about the level of the probed physical quality. For example, in the test of Filipovich-Malinak [9] comparison of speed at run in ordinary and complicated terms on segments accordingly 30 m and 3x10 m will not show in the same degree the level of development of coordination abilities for preschoolers, and for children middle and senior classes. At the same time, at run on proportionally brief segments 12 m and 3x4 m in this test, at first, will allow 5-6 years players to retain high speed on all distance, and in the second, will anymore correspond the standards of tennis ground at «red» level of tennis -12x6 m. For this reason modification of some tests becomes actual for determination the level of development coordination abilities by adaptation their spatial and temporal descriptions, level of motor complication to age-dependent possibilities of tennis players 5-6 years old.
Swingeing majority (93%) of coaches was supported such suggestion, and not see a necessity for modifications test tasks for children 5-6 years only 7% polled, that is rotined on a fig. 7.

Picture 7. Necessity of modification tests that applying by coaches for determination the level of development coordination abilities 5-6 years children.
Among the polled coaches 70% accede to the necessity of complex estimation of coordination abilities, and 30% -does not insist on it. From data of survey the level of actually of different relatively independent kinds of coordination abilities was certain at teaching children to tennis and competition activity, level of influence different factors on the indexes the development of coordination abilities of sportsmen. Positive opinion of trainers had determined in relation to expedience of leadthrough the complex testing of coordination abilities of tennis players 5-6 years, that will increase efficiency of selection and control on the stage of initial preparation in tennis.

Conclusions.
Most trainers use the modern program of the International Tennis Federation «Play & Stay» during training process the children and actively apply play approach during training employments. Specialists of tennis (30% trainers) deem it wise to select tennis players 5-6 years, 30% respondents acknowledge necessary to select only on occasion, and 40% does not consider his expedient in this age. The methods of pedagogical supervision and pedagogical testing apply for a selection, as a rule. Part of trainers does not consider it necessary to apply the estimation of physical abilities of children 5-6 years and does not apply the method of the pedagogical testing for determination the level of development of their coordination abilities (53%), however such practice estimated by many trainers (47%) positively. Swingeing 43% 57% 93% 7% majority of specialists (70%) acknowledge importance of complex estimation of coordination abilities of tennis players 5-6 summer age and accede to suggestion of modification of different test's parameters in accordance with age of student (93%). The most polled is counted, that leadthrough of the pedagogical testing 2 times in a school yearoptimum. Thus, in opinion of most trainers, it is necessary to use 2 tests for the estimation the level of development in relation to the independent kinds of coordination abilities. Prospect of further researches. Researches the level of development coordination abilities, related to their complex estimation for tennis players on the stage of initial preparation, considering modern approaches, will matter very much and will help coaches more rationally plan content of physical preparation. Application of the differentiated approach to teaching of young tennis players will allow to promote efficiency of training process on the initial stage of preparation.